The Princeton Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: Theropods

Citation

Jones, B. (2026). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: Theropods. Princeton University Press.

Cited by genera

• Abelisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Acheroraptor

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Achillobator

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Acrocanthosaurus

  Source of the appearance features.

• Adasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Aepyornithomimus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Aerosteon

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Afromimus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Albertavenator

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Albertonykus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Albinykus

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates.

• Almas

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Alnashetri

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Altispinax

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Alvarezsaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ambopteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Anchiornis

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Anzu

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Aorun

  Reports alvarezsauroid, basal coelurosaur and compsognathid placements for Aorun.

• Apatodon

  Lists the genus among dubious theropods, records the material as a vertebral shard now lost, and gives the Morrison Formation occurrence.

• Apatoraptor

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Appalachiosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Archaeopteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Archaeornithoides

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Archaeornithomimus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Arcovenator

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Asfaltovenator

  Treats Asfaltovenator as a basal allosauroid.

• Asiatyrannus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Atrociraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Aublysodon

  Treats the genus as a dubious tooth taxon and reports the competing referrals to Daspletosaurus and Deinodon.

• Austroraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Aviatyrannis

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Balaur

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Bambiraptor

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Banji

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Beishanlong

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Berthasaura

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Bicentenaria

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Bonapartenykus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Boreonykus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Borogovia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Bradycneme

  Reports Bradycneme with Heptasteornis as possible alvarezsaurids.

• Caihong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Caletodraco

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Camarillasaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Carcharodontosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Caudipteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ceratonykus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Ceratosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ceratosuchops

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Changyuraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Chilantaisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Chilesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Chindesaurus

  Treats Chindesaurus as the sister of Tawa at the base of Theropoda.

• Chirostenotes

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Citipati

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Coelurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Compsognathus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Conchoraptor

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Corythoraptor

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features. Treats Corythoraptor as a valid oviraptorid.

• Cristatusaurus

  Reviews the competing assessments of the genus's validity.

• Cryolophosaurus

  Treats Cryolophosaurus as a neotheropod close to Dilophosaurus, outside Tetanurae.

• Daemonosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Dakotaraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Daliansaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Datanglong

  Reports carcharodontosaurian, basal coelurosaur and megaraptoran placements for Datanglong.

• Daurlong

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Deinocheirus

  Source of the appearance features.

• Deinodon

  Reports the type teeth as indistinguishable from those of Gorgosaurus or Daspletosaurus, and the genus as widely considered dubious.

• Deinonychus

  Source of the appearance features.

• Dineobellator

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Dornraptor

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Dracovenator

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Dromaeosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Dryptosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Dubreuillosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Duriavenator

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Elemgasem

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Elmisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Elopteryx

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Enigmosaurus

  Reports Enigmosaurus as a therizinosaurid or a basal therizinosauroid.

• Eocarcharia

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Eodromaeus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Eoneophron

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Eosinopteryx

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Epidexipteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Erectopus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Erliansaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Erlikosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Erythrovenator

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Eustreptospondylus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Falcarius

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Fosterovenator

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Fujianvenator

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Fukuiraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Fukuivenator

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ganzhousaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Garudimimus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Gigantoraptor

  Source of the appearance features.

• Gobiraptor

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Graciliraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Gualicho

  Reports the allosauroid and coelurosaur placements.

• Hagryphus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Halszkaraptor

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Harpymimus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Heptasteornis

  Reports the alvarezsaurid hypothesis.

• Herrerasaurus

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Hesperonychus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Hesperornithoides

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Hexing

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Huadanosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Huanansaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Huaxiagnathus

  Treats Huaxiagnathus as a compsognathid.

• Huinculsaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Hulsanpes

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Ichthyovenator

  Source of the appearance features.

• Ilokelesia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Irritator

  Source of the appearance features.

• Itemirus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Jianchangosaurus

  Source of the appearance features. Treats Jianchangosaurus as a valid basal therizinosaur.

• Jianianhualong

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Jinfengopteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Juravenator

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Kakuru

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Kansaignathus

  Source of the appearance features.

• Kol

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Koleken

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Kuru

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Lajasvenator

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Lepidus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Leshansaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Liaoningvenator

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Liliensternus

  Treats Liliensternus as a basal neotheropod.

• Limusaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Lingyuanosaurus

  Places Lingyuanosaurus after Beipiaosaurus among early therizinosaurs.

• Linhenykus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Linheraptor

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Linhevenator

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Llukalkan

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Lophostropheus

  Places Lophostropheus close to Dilophosaurus.

• Lourinhanosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Lusovenator

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Lythronax

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Mahakala

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Majungasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Maleriraptor

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Martharaptor

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Megapnosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Megaraptor

  Source of the appearance features.

• Mei

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Meraxes

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Microraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Microvenator

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Migmanychion

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Mirischia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Mononykus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Moros

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Murusraptor

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Nankangia

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Nanshiungosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Nedcolbertia

  Treats Nedcolbertia as a basal ornithomimosaur.

• Neimongosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Nemegtomaia

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Nemegtonykus

  Treats Nemegtonykus as a parvicursorine alvarezsaurid.

• Neuquenraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Newtonsaurus

  Lists Newtonsaurus as an informally named, dubious taxon.

• Niebla

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Nothronychus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ojoraptorsaurus

  Treats Ojoraptorsaurus as a caenagnathid.

• Ondogurvel

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Ornitholestes

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Ornithomimus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Ostromia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Overoraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Oviraptor

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Palaeopteryx

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Panguraptor

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Papiliovenator

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Paralitherizinosaurus

  Source of the body length estimate, and the appearance features.

• Paraxenisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Paronychodon

  Lists the genus as a tooth taxon, most likely from a eumaniraptoran.

• Pedopenna

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Pelecanimimus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Pendraig

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Philovenator

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Piatnitzkysaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Podokesaurus

  Treats Podokesaurus as a coelophysid.

• Proceratosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Procompsognathus

  Treats Procompsognathus as a valid coelophysoid of uncertain status.

• Protarchaeopteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Protathlitis

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Pyroraptor

  Ties this genus to that formation by name.

• Qianzhousaurus

  Source of the appearance features.

• Qiupalong

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Qiupanykus

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Quilmesaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Rahiolisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Rahonavis

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Rajasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Rapator

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Rativates

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Riojavenatrix

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Rugops

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Santanaraptor

  Reports the tyrannosauroid placement and its alternatives.

• Sarcosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Saurornithoides

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Scansoriopteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Scipionyx

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Sciurumimus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Segisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Segnosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Shanag

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Shanyangosaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Shaochilong

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Shenzhousaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Shidaisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Shishugounykus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Shuangbaisaurus

  Lists Shuangbaisaurus as a junior synonym of Sinosaurus.

• Shuvuuia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Siamosaurus

  Reports Siamosaurus as widely considered a nomen dubium.

• Siamotyrannus

  Places Siamotyrannus in Metriacanthosaurinae.

• Siamraptor

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Siats

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Sinocalliopteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Sinornithoides

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Sinornithomimus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Sinosauropteryx

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Sinosaurus

  Treats Sinosaurus as a stem-averostran.

• Sinotyrannus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Sinovenator

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Sinraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Sinusonasus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Skorpiovenator

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Spectrovenator

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Spinosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Stokesosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Streptospondylus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Struthiomimus

  Source of the appearance features.

• Stygivenator

  Lists the genus as a subjective synonym of Tyrannosaurus rex.

• Suskityrannus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Suzhousaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Talos

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Tamarro

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Tanycolagreus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Tarascosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Tawa

  Treats Tawa as the sister of Chindesaurus at the base of Theropoda.

• Thanos

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Therizinosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Tianyuraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Timurlengia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Tochisaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Tongtianlong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Tototlmimus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Tralkasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Troodon

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Tsaagan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Tugulusaurus

  Treats Tugulusaurus as a basal alvarezsauroid.

• Tyrannomimus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Tyrannotitan

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ulughbegsaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Unenlagia

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Unquillosaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Urbacodon

  Treats Urbacodon's placement as indeterminate.

• Variraptor

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Vayuraptor

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Vectaerovenator

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Vectiraptor

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Velociraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Vespersaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Veterupristisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Wulatelong

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Wulong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Xenotarsosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Xiaotingia

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Xinjiangovenator

  Reports the tentative maniraptoran referral.

• Xiongguanlong

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Xixianykus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Xixiasaurus

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Xiyunykus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Xuanhanosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Xunmenglong

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Yangchuanosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Yixianosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ypupiara

  Source of the body length estimate, and the appearance features.

• Yulong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Yurgovuchia

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Zanabazar

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Zhenyuanlong

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Zhongjianosaurus

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Zuolong

  Source of the hip height estimate.

Cited by clades

• Caudipteridae

  Places Caudipteryx and Similicaudipteryx with Incisivosaurus among the basal oviraptorosaurs, without recognizing the family.

• Compsognathidae

  Treats Compsognathidae as a family including Compsognathus and the Jehol taxa.

• Halszkaraptorinae

  Treats Halszkaraptorinae with Unenlagiinae as Unenlagiidae.

• Herrerasauria

  Uses Herrerasauria as another name for Herrerasauridae, placed within Saurischia but outside Theropoda.

• Herrerasauridae

  Places Herrerasauridae within Saurischia but outside Theropoda as its least contentious position, noting placements within Theropoda or as sister to Sauropodomorpha.

• Megaraptora

  Reflects the allosauroid placement of Megaraptora in its classification boxes.

• Patagonykinae

  Treats Patagonykinae as the South American alvarezsaurid clade of Patagonykus and Bonapartenykus, noting the name has seldom been used since it was coined.

• Sinovenatorinae

  Reviews Sinovenatorinae, noting that analyses seldom agree on its membership and that some place it within Troodontinae.

• Unenlagiinae

  Adopts Unenlagiinae as an early-diverging clade within Dromaeosauridae.