Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae is a family of small to medium-sized feathered coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs, popularly known as "raptors" after Velociraptor. They were agile, bird-like carnivores that ranged from animals around 1.5 to 2 meters long, such as Velociraptor, up to giants approaching or exceeding 6 meters, such as Utahraptor and Achillobator. The group flourished mainly in the Cretaceous, with definitive fossils known from North America, Europe, and Asia, and survived until the mass extinction at the end of that period. Its members span several subgroups: the basal, possibly semiaquatic Halszkaraptorinae, the enigmatic and flight-adapted Unenlagiinae, the small, often tree-dwelling Microraptoria, and the derived, stocky Eudromaeosauria, which includes ambush hunters such as Deinonychus and Velociraptor. Dromaeosaurids are among the closest known relatives of birds, and abundant fossils show they were extensively feathered, some even bearing well-developed wings on the forelimbs and, in a few forms, the hind limbs.
Diagnosis
- Enlarged, hyperextensible, sickle-shaped ungual on pedal digit II
- Stiffened tail with elongate prezygapophyses and chevrons
- Pennaceous feathers on the forelimbs and tail
- Semilunate carpal bone enabling a folding motion of the manus
- Lateral teeth with denticles larger on the distal than the mesial carina
Clades within Dromaeosauridae
- Microraptorinae 9 genera
- Eudromaeosauria 21 genera
- Unenlagiinae 7 genera
Genera placed directly in Dromaeosauridae
- Balaur Maastrichtian (72.2–66.0 Ma)Romaniaincertae sedisunder dispute
- Dakotaraptor Maastrichtian (72.2–66.0 Ma)United Statesincertae sedisunder dispute
- Daurlong Barremian–Aptian (125.8–113.2 Ma)Chinaincertae sedisunder dispute
- Dromaeosauroides Berriasian (143.1–137.1 Ma)Denmarkincertae sedisunder dispute
- Ornithodesmus Nomen dubium Barremian (125.8–121.4 Ma)United Kingdomincertae sedisunder dispute
- Pamparaptor Turonian–Coniacian (93.9–85.7 Ma)Argentinaincertae sedisunder dispute
- Pyroraptor Campanian–Maastrichtian (83.6–66.0 Ma)Franceincertae sedisunder dispute
- Richardoestesia Campanian (83.6–72.2 Ma)Canadaincertae sedisunder dispute
- Shanag Berriasian–Barremian (143.1–121.4 Ma)Mongoliaincertae sedisunder dispute
- Tianyuraptor Barremian (125.8–121.4 Ma)Chinaincertae sedisunder dispute
- Zapsalis Nomen dubium Campanian (83.6–72.2 Ma)United Statesincertae sedisunder dispute
- Zhenyuanlong Barremian (125.8–121.4 Ma)Chinaincertae sedisunder dispute
References
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Matthew, W. D.; Brown, B. (1922). The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 46(6): 367-385. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1048848
Named the subfamily Dromaeosaurinae, from which the family Dromaeosauridae takes its authorship by coordination.
matthew1922a