The Princeton Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: Sauropods

Citation

Jones, B. (2026). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: Sauropods. Princeton University Press.

Cited by genera

• Aardonyx

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Abdarainurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Abditosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Abrosaurus

  Treats Abrosaurus as Macronaria incertae sedis.

• Abydosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Adeopapposaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Aegyptosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Aeolosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Alamosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Amanzia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Amargasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Amargatitanis

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Ampelosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Amphicoelias

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Amygdalodon

  Places Amygdalodon near the base of Sauropoda.

• Analong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Anchisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Andesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Angolatitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Antarctosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Apatosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Arackar

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Aragosaurus

  Illustrated by E. Viola.

• Arcusaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Ardetosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Argyrosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Arkharavia

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Arrudatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Astrophocaudia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Asylosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Atacamatitan

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Atlantosaurus

  Gives the holotype as YPM 1835, a partial sacrum, and finds nothing uniquely identifiable about the specimen.

• Atlasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Atsinganosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Australodocus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Australotitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Austroposeidon

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Baalsaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Bagualia

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Bagualosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Bajadasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Barapasaurus

  Treats Barapasaurus as a basal eusauropod; source of the hip height estimate.

• Barosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Baurutitan

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Bellusaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Blikanasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Bonatitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Bonitasaura

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Borealosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Brachiosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Bravasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Brontomerus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Brontosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Buriolestes

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Bustingorrytitan

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Caieiria

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Camarasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Cedarosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Cetiosauriscus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Cetiosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Chadititan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Chebsaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Chinshakiangosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Choconsaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Chromogisaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Chuanjiesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Chubutisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Chucarosaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Coloradisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Daanosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Dashanpusaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Daxiatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Demandasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Diamantinasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Dicraeosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Dinheirosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Dinodocus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Diplodocus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Dongbeititan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Dongyangosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Dreadnoughtus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Drusilasaura

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Duriatitan

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Dyslocosaurus

  Source of the appearance features.

• Dystrophaeus

  Favors basal Macronaria or a position outside Neosauropoda.

• Dzharatitanis

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Elaltitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Eoraptor

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Epachthosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Erketu

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Eucamerotus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Eucnemesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Euhelopus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Europasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Europatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Euskelosaurus

  Treats Euskelosaurus as a plateosaurid-grade nomen dubium.

• Ferganasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Fukuititan

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Fusuisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Futalognkosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Galeamopus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Galvesaurus

  Treats Galvesaurus as a basal titanosauriform or macronarian.

• Gannansaurus

  Suggests Gannansaurus is a titanosaur, by comparison with later-described material.

• Garrigatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Giraffatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Glacialisaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Gobititan

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Gondwanatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Gongxianosaurus

  Treats Gongxianosaurus as possibly among the basalmost sauropods.

• Gryponyx

  Treats the status of Gryponyx africanus as uncertain.

• Guaibasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Haestasaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Hamititan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Haplocanthosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Huabeisaurus

  Source of the mass estimate.

• Huanghetitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Hudiesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Ibirania

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Igai

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Ignavusaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Inawentu

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Ingentia

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates.

• Irisosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Isanosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Isisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Issi

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Itapeuasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Iuticosaurus

  Treats Iuticosaurus as an indeterminate titanosauriform.

• Jainosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Jaklapallisaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Janenschia

  Reports turiasaur and basal macronarian placements for Janenschia.

• Jiangshanosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Jiangxititan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Jingiella

  Source of the body length estimate, and the appearance features.

• Jingshanosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Jobaria

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Kaatedocus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Kaijutitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Karongasaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Katepensaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Kholumolumo

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Klamelisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Kotasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate and of the elongate neck.

• Lamplughsaura

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Laplatasaurus

  Source of the size estimates, which are drawn on the restricted hypodigm of a tibia and fibula.

• Lapparentosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Lavocatisaurus

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Ledumahadi

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Leinkupal

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Leonerasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Lessemsaurus

  Source of the hip height, and of the upper length and mass estimates.

• Leyesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Liaoningotitan

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Ligabuesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Lingwulong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Lirainosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Lishulong

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Liubangosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Lohuecotitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Losillasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Lourinhasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Lufengosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Lusotitan

  Source of the hip height, and of the upper length and mass estimates.

• Macrocollum

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Magyarosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Malarguesaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Malawisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Mamenchisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Mansourasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Maraapunisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Massospondylus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Maxakalisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Mbiresaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Mendozasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Menucocelsior

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Mierasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Moabosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Mongolosaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Mussaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Muyelensaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Nambalia

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Narambuenatitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Narindasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Nemegtosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Neuquensaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Ngwevu

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Nhandumirim

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Nigersaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ninjatitan

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates.

• Normanniasaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Notocolossus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Nullotitan

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Oceanotitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Omeisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Opisthocoelicaudia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Ornithopsis

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Overosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Padillasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Paludititan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Pampadromaeus

  Treats the placement of Pampadromaeus within Sauropodomorpha as uncertain.

• Panphagia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Pantydraco

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Paralititan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Patagosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Patagotitan

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Pellegrinisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Perijasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Petrobrasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Petrustitan

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Phuwiangosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Pilmatueia

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Pitekunsaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Plateosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Protognathosaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Pukyongosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Pulanesaura

  Source of the hip height estimate; places the genus in Sauropoda under the stem-based definition the book adopts.

• Punatitan

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Qiaowanlong

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Qijianglong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Quaesitosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Quetecsaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Qunkasaura

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Rapetosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Rayososaurus

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates.

• Rebbachisaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Rhoetosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Rhomaleopakhus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Rinconsaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Riojasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Ruehleia

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Ruixinia

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Rukwatitan

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Ruyangosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Saltasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Sanpasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Sarahsaurus

  Leaves Sarahsaurus unresolved between Massospondylidae and its outgroups.

• Sarmientosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Saturnalia

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Sauroposeidon

  Source of the appearance features.

• Savannasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Schleitheimia

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Sefapanosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Seitaad

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Shingopana

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Shunosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Sibirotitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Silutitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Smitanosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Sonidosaurus

  Reports the lithostrotian reading of Averianov and Sues (2016).

• Sonorasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Soriatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Spinophorosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Supersaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Suuwassea

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Tambatitanis

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Tangvayosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates.

• Tapuiasaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Tastavinsaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Tataouinea

  Source of the appearance features.

• Tazoudasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Tehuelchesaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Tendaguria

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Tengrisaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Tharosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Tiamat

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Titanosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Tonganosaurus

  Source of the mass and hip height estimates, and the appearance features.

• Tornieria

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Traukutitan

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Triunfosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Tuebingosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Turiasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Uberabatitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Unaysaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Vahiny

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Venenosaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Volgatitan

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Volkheimeria

  Source of the body length and hip height estimates.

• Vouivria

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Vulcanodon

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Wamweracaudia

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Wintonotitan

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Xenoposeidon

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Xianshanosaurus

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Xingxiulong

  Source of the mass estimate.

• Xinjiangtitan

  Source of the appearance features.

• Xixiposaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

• Yamanasaurus

  Source of the body length, hip height and weight estimates.

• Yimenosaurus

  Treats Yimenosaurus as a plateosaurid of uncertain position.

• Yizhousaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Yongjinglong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Yuanmousaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate, and the appearance features.

• Yunnanosaurus

  Treats Yunnanosaurus as near the base of Sauropodiformes.

• Yuzhoulong

  Source of the body length, mass, and hip height estimates.

• Zapalasaurus

  Source of the hip height estimate.

• Zizhongosaurus

  Source of the body length estimate.

Cited by clades

• Diamantinasauria

  Places Diamantinasauria within Titanosauria as a likely early-branching group of Diamantinasaurus, Sarmientosaurus, Savannasaurus and Australotitan, reviewing its varied placements.

• Euhelopodidae

  Depicts Euhelopodidae as a somphospondylan clade roughly sister to Titanosauria, noting that not all studies accept the group or agree on its placement.

• Khebbashia

  Treats Khebbashia as a clade forking into two subfamilies, reviewing the genera placed inside it or just outside it.

• Lessemsauridae

  Treats Lessemsauridae as a distinct early branch of sauropods including Lessemsaurus, Antetonitrus, Ledumahadi, Ingentia and possibly Blikanasaurus.

• Lirainosaurinae

  Treats Lirainosaurinae as a clade of small European titanosaurs whose placement within Titanosauria remains unresolved.

• Unaysauridae

  Reviews Unaysauridae, of Unaysaurus, Macrocollum and Jaklapallisaurus, noting its validity has been questioned and its position relative to Plateosauridae varies.