Brachyrostra
Brachyrostra, whose name means "short snouts," is a clade of abelisaurid theropod dinosaurs known mainly from the Cretaceous of South America. It is defined as all abelisaurids more closely related to Carnotaurus than to Majungasaurus, and it groups horned genera such as Carnotaurus and Aucasaurus with their close relatives; the more deeply nested Furileusauria and, within it, the tribe Carnotaurini fall inside the clade. Members are the most derived of the abelisaurids, relatively lightly built for large theropods and distinguished by very short, narrow skulls and extremely reduced forearms, even more so than in other members of the family. Many carried horns or roughened bosses on the frontal and nasal bones, interpreted as supports for cornified structures or dermal armor. They were also swift runners, with an enlarged tail-based locomotory musculature that made them among the fastest large theropods known. Long thought to be exclusively South American, the group is now recognized as far afield as France with the taxon Caletodraco.
Diagnosis
- Strongly convex ventral margin of the dentary, with the symphysis directed upward
- Distal end of the postorbital's jugal process expanded front to back
- Proximal and middle caudal transverse processes greatly expanded distally, with a well-developed cranial process
- Hyposphene–hypantrum accessory articulations on the anterior caudal vertebrae
- Hatchet-shaped distal end of the cnemial crest
- Subrectangular ascending process of the astragalus
Clades within Brachyrostra
- Furileusauria 9 genera
Genera placed directly in Brachyrostra
- Ekrixinatosaurus Cenomanian (100.5–93.9 Ma)Argentina
- Elemgasem Turonian–Coniacian (93.9–85.7 Ma)Argentinaunder dispute
- Guemesia Campanian–Maastrichtian (83.6–66.0 Ma)Argentinaunder dispute
- Ilokelesia Cenomanian–Turonian (100.5–89.8 Ma)Argentina
- Skorpiovenator Cenomanian–Turonian (100.5–89.8 Ma)Argentina
- Thanos Santonian–Campanian (85.7–72.2 Ma)Brazil
References
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Canale, J. I.; Scanferla, C. A.; Agnolín, F. L.; Novas, F. E. (2009). New carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of NW Patagonia and the evolution of abelisaurid theropods. Naturwissenschaften 96(3): 409-414. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0487-4
Named Skorpiovenator and Brachyrostra, defining and diagnosing the clade in its supplement; the dentary and astragalus characters are ambiguous synapomorphies.
canale2009a